Dorothy Anne Jones · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 20 Jan 2023•Gwent

Published report and response evidence

This report’s concerns and statements found in recipients’ published responses. Statements are included even where no link to an individual concern is recorded. A link shows an evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

View original report
Concerns
4

Raised in this report

Recipients
3

Named on the report

Responses found
2

Of 3 recipients

Stated actions
15

Described in responses

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised4

  1. Allocation of Amber 1 ambulance resources chronologically without further consideration of clinical need
    Part of recurring concern: Unreliable ambulance dispatch and resource-allocation controls
  2. Ad hoc clinician intervention to expedite ambulance responses without local policy or guidelines
    Part of recurring concern: Unreliable ambulance emergency escalation and contingency arrangements
  3. Failure of the current ambulance triage algorithm to assign appropriate urgency to choking, breathing difficulty and drowsiness
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to reliably respond to patient breathing emergenciesPart of recurring concern: Unreliable algorithmic triage of unwell patientsPart of recurring concern: Unreliable ambulance call triage and re-triage

Stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.15

  1. Eluned Morgan

    Make funding available to support delivery of the national ambulance improvement plan.

  2. Eluned Morgan

    Provide annual funding and programme allocations to support local, regional and national Six Goals improvement work.

  3. Eluned Morgan

    Develop a direct paramedic referral pathway to same-day emergency care services.

  4. Eluned Morgan

    Publish the five-year Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care strategy.

  5. Eluned Morgan

    Host a national summit on improving the timeliness of ambulance patient handover.

  6. Eluned Morgan

    Provide a detailed Senedd update on the urgent and emergency care programme and confirm plans for 2023/24.

  7. Eluned Morgan

    Track progress and impact against ambulance and health-board improvement commitments and seek delivery assurance through regular quality and planning meetings.

  8. Eluned Morgan

    Establish the national Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care Programme.

  9. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Conduct secondary triage of waiting patients, including Amber 1 calls, through the Clinical Support Desk to reassess or confirm priority.

  10. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Roll out the Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming model to additional health boards.

  11. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Report progress on actions mitigating avoidable harm to the Trust Board.

  12. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Use welfare calls and Clinical Support Desk procedures to reassess waiting patients and upgrade calls when clinical conditions or prolonged waits warrant it.

  13. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Regularly review Medical Priority Dispatch System code categorisation using clinical and operational data.

  14. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Operate the Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming model across three health boards using upgraded Computer Aided Dispatch tools.

  15. Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust

    Expand Clinical Support Desk capacity, employ mental health practitioners, and implement clinical decision-support software for detailed patient assessment.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.1

  1. Eluned Morgan

    Operational concerns about ambulance service delivery are best addressed by the Welsh Ambulance Services Trust.

    Redirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Allocation of Amber 1 ambulance resources chronologically without further consideration of clinical need

Wider context from the report

“2. The Amber 1 category includes all life-threatening conditions except those in the Red category where the person appears to be in the throes of dying. I was informed that all the patients in the Amber 1 category are allocated an ambulance / clinical resource chronologically, without further consideration of clinical need. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Unreliable ambulance dispatch and resource-allocation controls.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Ad hoc clinician intervention to expedite ambulance responses without local policy or guidelines

Wider context from the report

“3. I was informed at the inquest that on occasion a clinician within WAST will intervene to undertake a further assessment to determine whether the response should be expedited. However, this appeared to be an ad hoc arrangement not underpinned by local policy or guidelines. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Unreliable ambulance emergency escalation and contingency arrangements.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure of the current ambulance triage algorithm to assign appropriate urgency to choking, breathing difficulty and drowsiness

Wider context from the report

“4. The evidence suggested that a patient who was choking, had difficulty breathing and was drowsy would still be assessed, under the current algorithm adopted by WAST, as meeting the requirement for an Amber 1 response. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to reliably respond to patient breathing emergencies; Unreliable algorithmic triage of unwell patients; Unreliable ambulance call triage and re-triage.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to provide ambulance resources to Amber 1 patients within a reasonable timeframe

Wider context from the report

“1. The ongoing pressures faced by the ambulance service are clearly multifactorial. However, a failure to provide a resource within a reasonable timeframe has been a constant and ongoing feature of inquests within Gwent, where a patient has died at home or shortly after admission to hospital. Despite repeated reassurances over the past 12 months about remedial action being undertaken, the evidence before me at this inquest suggests there has been no appreciable improvement in the response times for Amber 1 category patients. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Delays in ambulance attendance.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Make funding available to support delivery of the national ambulance improvement plan.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We have also made investments in ambulance services, including £3m funding made available in June 2022, to support delivery of a national ambulance improvement plan developed by the Emergency Ambulance Services Committee and approved by health board chief executives. The plan included a range of actions for delivery by the Welsh ambulance service, health boards and actions for joint delivery, to enable better management of 999 demand in the community, increased ambulance capacity and improved timeliness of ambulance patient handovers.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Provide annual funding and programme allocations to support local, regional and national Six Goals improvement work.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We have made significant investment in urgent and emergency care this year, with a dedicated budget of £25m annual funding to support local, regional and national delivery of the Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care, our five-year strategy published in February 2022, to drive a whole-system transformation of access to urgent and emergency care. In 2022/23 each health board in Wales received up to £2.96m to support implementation of local ‘six goals’ improvement programmes, and £4m has been used to support nationally-coordinated projects.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Develop a direct paramedic referral pathway to same-day emergency care services.

Verbatim wording from the response

“A national Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care Programme has been established to secure improvements across the patient pathway, with a specific focus on patient flow through the hospital system and out into the community, as well as significant investment in urgent primary care and same day emergency care to help reduce pressure on 999 services and emergency departments. A direct paramedic referral to same day emergency care services pathway has also been developed to enable suitable patients to by-pass the emergency department and gain direct access to the most appropriate clinical destination for their needs.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Publish the five-year Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care strategy.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We have made significant investment in urgent and emergency care this year, with a dedicated budget of £25m annual funding to support local, regional and national delivery of the Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care, our five-year strategy published in February 2022, to drive a whole-system transformation of access to urgent and emergency care. In 2022/23 each health board in Wales received up to £2.96m to support implementation of local ‘six goals’ improvement programmes, and £4m has been used to support nationally-coordinated projects.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Host a national summit on improving the timeliness of ambulance patient handover.

Verbatim wording from the response

“On 28th November 2022, I hosted a national summit on improving the timeliness of ambulance patient handover, which was attended by more than 40 senior NHS Wales representatives from across the seven health boards and the ambulance service. At the summit, health boards set out the range of actions they are taking across the six goals for urgent and emergency care as well as actions targeted at reducing ambulance handover delays. They also reaffirmed their commitment to delivering urgent improvements ahead of the winter, in line with local handover improvement plans and the national ambulance improvement plan. My officials continue to track progress and impact against the commitments health boards and the ambulance service have made and I have been encouraged by the examples of improvement at a number of sites, most notably the University Hospital of Wales.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Provide a detailed Senedd update on the urgent and emergency care programme and confirm plans for 2023/24.

Verbatim wording from the response

“I have been encouraged by progress against a number of key urgent and emergency care indicators which has been influenced by the ‘six goals’ programme and I will provide a detailed update to Members of the Senedd on the overall urgent and emergency care programme plan a year from its implementation on 2 May, when I will also confirm plans for 2023/2024 intended to help people access the right care, in the right place, first time.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Track progress and impact against ambulance and health-board improvement commitments and seek delivery assurance through regular quality and planning meetings.

Verbatim wording from the response

“On 28th November 2022, I hosted a national summit on improving the timeliness of ambulance patient handover, which was attended by more than 40 senior NHS Wales representatives from across the seven health boards and the ambulance service. At the summit, health boards set out the range of actions they are taking across the six goals for urgent and emergency care as well as actions targeted at reducing ambulance handover delays. They also reaffirmed their commitment to delivering urgent improvements ahead of the winter, in line with local handover improvement plans and the national ambulance improvement plan. My officials continue to track progress and impact against the commitments health boards and the ambulance service have made and I have been encouraged by the examples of improvement at a number of sites, most notably the University Hospital of Wales.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Establish the national Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care Programme.

Verbatim wording from the response

“A national Six Goals for Urgent and Emergency Care Programme has been established to secure improvements across the patient pathway, with a specific focus on patient flow through the hospital system and out into the community, as well as significant investment in urgent primary care and same day emergency care to help reduce pressure on 999 services and emergency departments. A direct paramedic referral to same day emergency care services pathway has also been developed to enable suitable patients to by-pass the emergency department and gain direct access to the most appropriate clinical destination for their needs.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Conduct secondary triage of waiting patients, including Amber 1 calls, through the Clinical Support Desk to reassess or confirm priority.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In the live environment, WAST regularly undertakes more detailed clinical assessments of waiting patients, in all categories, including Amber 1; to reassess and/or confirm the correct priority for patients. This process, known as secondary triage or consultation is led by the Clinical Support Desk (CSD) which is a pan Wales team that comprise of control room nurses, paramedics, advanced paramedics, and mental health practitioners.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Roll out the Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming model to additional health boards.

Verbatim wording from the response

“WAST has also invested in new versions of its Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) tool, which allows health board Doctors to log in (remotely from the control rooms) to the waiting ambulance stack and undertake more detailed clinical assessments of patients in their health board. The Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming (PTAS) model is now operating across three of the health boards with plans to roll out further.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Report progress on actions mitigating avoidable harm to the Trust Board.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Trust has focused on actions to mitigate real time avoidable harm and has sustained reporting to our Trust Board on progress. Attached is a copy of the progress report, with accompanying action plan, provided at the open Trust Board in January 2023. As recognised, the pressures are multifactorial but none as significant as those connected with patient flow leading to emergency department handover delays. These delays remain elevated with more than 32 thousand hours lost to extended handover in December 2023 amounting to 37% of our conveying resource capacity. In January 2023, this will be between 23-24 thousand hours which remains extremely high.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 1 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Use welfare calls and Clinical Support Desk procedures to reassess waiting patients and upgrade calls when clinical conditions or prolonged waits warrant it.

Verbatim wording from the response

“A copy of the CSP is attached for your reference and as you will see this provides details of when welfare calls should be made. These calls are made to reassess the patient’s clinical condition, if any changes are reported.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Regularly review Medical Priority Dispatch System code categorisation using clinical and operational data.

Verbatim wording from the response

“To ensure that the Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) maintains a clinically safe response to patients, regular reviews are undertaken of current Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) code categorisation by the Clinical Priority Assessment Software (CPAS) group.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operate the Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming model across three health boards using upgraded Computer Aided Dispatch tools.

Verbatim wording from the response

“WAST has also invested in new versions of its Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) tool, which allows health board Doctors to log in (remotely from the control rooms) to the waiting ambulance stack and undertake more detailed clinical assessments of patients in their health board. The Physician Triage Assessment and Streaming (PTAS) model is now operating across three of the health boards with plans to roll out further.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Expand Clinical Support Desk capacity, employ mental health practitioners, and implement clinical decision-support software for detailed patient assessment.

Verbatim wording from the response

“consultation. WAST has recently invested in the CSD by near doubling its establishment, employing mental health practitioners, and by implementing a new innovative clinical decision support system to support the more detailed clinical assessment of patients.”

Source location

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operational concerns about ambulance service delivery are best addressed by the Welsh Ambulance Services Trust.

Verbatim wording from the response

“I note you have also written to ████████, Chief Executive of the Welsh Ambulance Services Trust and I would expect him to respond on the detail of the concerns you raised as these relate to operational matters and are best addressed by the Trust. I can, however, outline the actions being taken by the Welsh Government to drive national and local improvement in the delivery of safe and timely ambulance services.”

Source location

Response from Minster for Health and Social Services
Page 1 · response
Published 24 January 2023

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
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Data last updated 7 September 2026